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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

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http://www.archive.org/details/federationofnatiOOsmyt 


FEDERATION 

OF 

NATIONS 


Q-|_,^J  V  xt-<_»  T  X 


An  Alternative 

to  the 

League  of  Nations 


By  William  Henry  Smyth 


Federation  of  Nations 

World  Federation 
United  World  Capitol 


Reprinted   from  the   Gazette,   Berkeley,   California. 
Copyright,  1922,  by  W.  H.  Smyth 


3X 


Federation  of  Nations 

By  William  Henry  Smyth 

BOXAR  LAW  HOPES  U.  S.  WILL  ENDORSE  THE  LEAGUE 
LONDON,  November  2. — (By  Associated  Press.) — Premier  Bonar  Law, 
iu  an  address  to  a  meeting'  of  women  in  the  Drury  Lane  Theater  this 
afternoon,  reiterated  that  his  policy  was  one  of  tranqnillity  and  stability. 
"As  reg'ards  foreign  policy,"  he  added,  "I  venture  to  express  the  hope 
that  America  may  gradually  take  an  interest  in  the  League  of  Nations 
In  some  form  or  another,  and  may  gradually  feel  that  it  is  her  duty  to 
help  in  the  chaos  in  Avhich  the  war  has  left  the  world.     .     ." 


LLOYD  GEORGE  BEGS  U.  S.  TO  ENTER  LEAGUE 
GLASGOW,  Scotland,  October  28.— (By  International  NeAvs  Service.)— 
Lloyd  George,  after  an  introductory  word  or  two,  exclaimed  emphatically: 
"To  secure  the  best  happiness  of  the  world  and  a  happy  issue  out  of 
our  afflictions,  co-operation  between  Great  Britain  and  America  is  essen- 
tial to  ensure  the  world's  peace.     .     . 

"But  I  insist  that  the  closest  good  will  betAveen  the  tAvo  nations  is  the 
only  salvation  for  the  Avorld  if  Ave  are  going  to  be  spared  aAvful  calamities 
»      like  those  of  the  past  eight  years. 

*  "Great  Britain  and  America  are  the  onlj'  Iavo  countries  that  are  able 

*  to  take  an  International  vicAv;  perhaps  America  better  than  ourselves.   .   . 
(-      Their  joint  action  alone  can  preserve  the  Avorld's  eternal  peace." 


»  

^  THE    LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS    FAILS 

LONDON,  November  2. — (Universal  Service  Special  Cable  Dispatch.) — 
A  unlfled  Avorld  control  of  AVorld  affairs  is  the  foremost  plea  advanced  by 
H.  C.  Wells  In  an  election  address.  Wells  is  the  labor  candidate  for 
Parliament  from  London  University. 

"It  Is  plain  common  sense  that  Avorld  control  in  International  affairs 
must  represent  all  the  main  poAvers,"  says  Wells.  "The  present  League  of 
Nations  has  neither  prestige  nor  authority  to  handle  the  great  Inter- 
national Issues  of  today. 

"We  have  to  do  Avhat  Ave  can  Avlth  and  for  the  League  of  Nations,  and 
particularly  Ave  have  to  sustain  Its  Avorld  labor  organization,  but  Ave  must 
never  forget  hOAv  jtrovislonal  and  experimental  a  body  It  Is,  and  the  urgent 
need  In   AvhIch  it  stands  for  drastic  reconstruction.    .    . 

"The  iinlticatioii  tif  Avorld  control  is  a  huge  task,  the  chief  task  before 
mankind  today  and  tor  tlie  coming  century." 


Thanksgiving.  Kvents   in   the   "Near  East"   prove 

Of   all    tile    manifold    blessings    for  beyond  reasonable  doubt  that  had  the 

which    the    Citizens    of    the    United  United  States  joined  that  Tdessed  (?) 

States  have  re.ison  for  thanksgiving,  "Ijcague"    (which   was   gning   to  end 

none  is  greater  than   that  our  great  all    wars)    we    would,    by    this    time, 

and    peace-loving    Country    did    not  had  on  our  hands  a  man-size  job, — 

permit    itself    to    be    stampeded    into  Cfuurdian  of  the  Straits,  Custodian  of 

the  "League  of  Nations".  ( '.inwi:iiitini.pl<'   Oflici:!)  IOih'imv  nf  iho 


217979 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


Moslem  World  and  Protector  of 
Europe  from  the  return  of  the  Turk. 

While  all  this  might  have  been 
gratifying  to  misdirected  national 
pride,  and  satisfactory  to  our 
(peace-loving)  Christian  Churches 
and  Missionary  Societies,  it  would 
come  high,  on  the  balance  of  us  who 
are  not  so  aggressively  peace-loving 
nor  so  militaristically   "Christian". 

The  fighting  men  and  wealth  it 
cost  us  for  (as  it  now  seems)  the 
futile  enterprise  of  destroying  Ger- 
many, would  be  insignificant  com- 
pared to  the  endless  price  we  would 
have  to  pay  for  that  gratification  of 
vanity,  in  a  never-ending,  catch-as- 
catch-can  bout  with  the  Moham- 
medan World. 

Into  what  further  Laocoon  tragic 
entanglement  that  League  of  Na- 
tions job  would  have  landed  the 
United  States,  only  the  gods  can 
say,  and  they  are  as  dumb  as  the 
speechless  Sphinx. 

Truly,  we  have  cause  for  fervent 
thanksgiving. 

"Sot  Handicapped. 

Our  freedom  of  action  —  as  we 
opponents  of  the  League  foresaw  and 
pointed  out  —  has  not  handicapped 
our  Christian  endeavors  nor  cur- 
tailed our  Christian  charity  nor  pre- 
vented our  free-handed  service  to 
Europe.  Indeed,  we  have  rendered 
more  voluntary  and  effective  physical 
and  moral  aid  than  all  the  members 
of  the  League  of  Nations  combined 
have  contributed  —  outside  of  their 
own  political  boundaries.  And,  be- 
ing outside  the  "League"  this  help- 
fulness has  engendered  neither 
jealoubies  nor  imputations  of  selfish 
ulterior  motives. 

U.  S.  Not  a  World  Shirk. 

The  refusal  of  the  United  States 
to  be  herded  into  the  League  of 
Nations  does  not,  in  the  smallest 
measure,  imply  that  as  a  World 
Nation  we  selfishly  shirk  bearing  our 
legitimate  World  burdens,  but  merely 


that  we  object  to  other  hands  than 
our  own,  putting  these  burdens  on 
our  Nation's  back. 

The  refusal  of  the  United  States 
does  not  mean  that  as  a  Nation  we 
are  opposed  to  the  principle  of  inter- 
national co-operation,  international 
friendship,  international  Law  and 
Order.  It  merely  means  that  we 
suspected  treacherous  and  traitorous 
self-interest  at  home,  and  the  self- 
interest  of  desperately  urgent  need 
abroad,  as  the  ulterior  motives  of  the 
League  proponents. 

The  refusal  of  the  United  States 
means,  in  essence,  that  we  are  not 
convinced  of  the  selfiess  patriotism 
of  our  Internationalist  Bankers, 
Foreign  Traders,  and  Public  Officials ; 
nor  are  we  satisfied  that  the  nations 
of  Europe  are  themselves  as  selflessly 
interested  in  each  others'  prosperity 
aj  we  ai-e  in  the  welfare  of  Hu- 
manity. 

Strange  Oversig-ht. 

Probably  the  most  remarkable  and 
unaccountable  "diplomatic"  over- 
sight of  all  time  was  the  failure  of 
the  Peace  Conference  to  realize  the 
lack  of  need  for  an  experimental 
League  of  Nations,  the  failure  of 
President  Wilson  to  recognize  that 
there  already  exists  a  great  and 
effective  League  of  Sovereign  Na- 
tions, a  working  Union  of  Sovereign 
States,  a  Federation  of  forty-eight 
self-determining  Governments,  com- 
prising one-fifth  of  the  entire  White 
Race,  one-third  of  the  World's 
wealth,  and  one-half  of  the  effective 
power  of  the  World;  a  League  of 
Nations  that  has  already  learned  and 
for  over  a  centui-y  has  practiced  the 
Governmental  Art  of  peaceful  Fed- 
eration —  the  United  States  of 
America. 

Here  we  have  a  great  Continental 
Union  of  Nations  —  of  peoples  as 
diverse  in  racial  heritage,  of  States 
as  diverse  in  geographical  problems, 
in  group  and  industrial  interests,  as 
the    diversified    warring    nations    of 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


Europe;  a  League  of  Nations  in  suc- 
cessful operation. 

But  this  eminently  pertinent  fact 
is  calmly  ignored  by  our  World 
diplomats  —  "the  Big  Four"  who  out 
of  the  world-fashioning  wisdom  of 
their  inner  consciousness  evolve  a 
mythical,  paper  League  of  Nations 
in  which  this  ocean-to-ocean  Asso- 
ciation of  Sovereignties  is  put  on  a 
par  with  postage-stamp  "Kingdoms", 
made-to-order  "Nations"  and  farcical 
"Republics"! 

Here  we  have  on  the  one  hand  a 
real  League  of  real  nations,  every 
one  of  which  stands  in  the  W^orld's 
front  rank  in  education,  in  culture, 
in  productivity  —  Effective  Civiliza- 
tion —  and  all  working  together  in 
peaceful  friendly  rivalry  under  the 
freest  and  noblest  Constitution  of 
all  time;  on  the  other  hand  is'  a 
heterogenous  aggregation  of  nations, 
would-be  nations  and  embryo  na- 
tions in  continual  flux  of  warring 
groups,  supposedly  united  by  myth- 
ical ties  of  a  paper  "League"  having 
"neither  prestige  nor  authority". 

And  yet  —  incredible  as  it  seems  — 
the  "diplomacy"  of  Europe,  combined 
with  the  wisdom,  'r  something,  of 
some  of  our  own  high-placed  officials 
and  responsible  citizens,  urge  that 
this  real  League  with  the  prestige  of 
a  century-and-a-half's  accomplish- 
ment and  the  authority  of  moral 
worth  and  practically  unlimited 
physical  power  shall  submerge  the 
identities  of  its  component  nations 
and  its  own  unified  Sovereignty  in  a 
lower-rank-mass  of  warring  nations, 
a  J  make-believe  nations,  under  the 
make-believe  control  of  a  make- 
believe  "League  of  Nations". 

Think  of  the  empire  State  of  New 
York,  the  great  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  Illinois,  of  Texa.s,  with  two 
score  othert,  and  of  our  own  noble 
California,  without  status  or  repre- 
sentation, and  subject  to  the  dic- 
tates of  the  made-to-order  "King- 
dom"    of     Hajez,     and     a     score     of 


postage-stamp  "Nations",  and  fai'ci- 
cal  opera-bouffe  "Republics". 
Dang-er! 

Everyone  should  realize  that  the 
United  States  is  not  yet  free  from 
the  danger  of  being  roped  into  the 
European  plunderbund,  the  so-called 
League  of  Nations. 

While  the  nations  of  Europe  may 
fight  each  other  on  every  conceiv- 
able issue,  they  are  enthusiastically 
unified  upon  the  desirability  of  in- 
ducing the  United  States  to  join  with 
them  as  a  generously  contributing 
partner,  the  sack-holder  for  the 
League  of  Nations. 

No  matter  how  energetically  the 
Tories  and  the  Libei-als  may  con- 
tend for  control  of  the  British  Gov- 
ernment, or  how  earnestly  Premier 
Bonar  Law  and  ex-Premier  Lloyd. 
George  may  be  at  outs  on  national 
policies  and  principles,  they  agree 
like  mental  Siamese  twins,  that  the 
welfare  of  the  British  Empire,  the 
peace  of  Humanity,  and  the  "salva- 
tion of  the  world"  depend  upon  the 
United  States  joining  the  League  of 
Nations. 

Propaganda. 

The  organized  propaganda  which 
is  already  in  evidence  in  our  papers, 
magazines,  and  in  the  utterances  of 
influencial  officials  (National,  Cor- 
porate, and  Financial),  is  mild  com- 
pared to  the  flood  of  propaganda  that 
in  the  near  future  will  whelm  this 
Country. 

Every  sentiment  to  which  appeal 
can  be  made,  every  emotion  that 
can  be  stirred  to  effective  action, 
every  ideal  that  as  a  nation  we  hold 
sacred,  all  will  be  used  and  utilized 
to  the  one  end  and  objective. 

Remember,  that  objective  is  the 
greatest  prize  ever  set  before  rapa- 
cious greed  and  insatiable  ambition 
since  human  society  began: 

liemember,  that  glittering  prize  is 
nothing  less  than  the  financial  and 
political  control  of  the  greatest  and 
most    productive    national    aggrega- 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


tion  of  human  workers  on  earth,  and 
hence  the  effective  control  of  the 
World — ("the  unification  of  world 
control",  as  Wells  describes  it). 

A  United  States  Federation  of  Nations 

In  view  of  our  recent  escape  —  an 
escape  by  a  margin  much  too  nar- 
row to  be  thought  of  without  a 
reti'ospective  qualm  of  wholesome 
fear  —  it  behooves  us  to  consider 
with  profound  concern  the  danger 
that  still  threatens  our  great  nation 
and  its  noble  ideals. 

The  courageous  course  is  some- 
times also  the  safest  one,  and  that 
course  in  the  present  danger  is  to 
boldly  take  the  bull  by  the  horns 
and  substitute  an  American  Asso- 
ciation of  Nations  for  the  European 
League. 

It  means  to  forestall  the  danger 
of  European  entanglement  by  a 
Federation  of  Nations  upon  the  gen- 
eral plan  of  our  Union,  and  founded 
upon  the  principles  of  our  Constitu- 
tion —  modified  to  meet  the  con- 
ditions of  World  Federation. 

Declaration  of  Friendshiip. 

The  proposition  implies  the  pro- 
mulgation of  a  general  declaration 
of  friendship  and  an  invitation  to 
the  nations  of  the  world  to  indi- 
vidually associate  vsdth  us  upon 
terms  conformable  to  our  standard 
of  Industrial  Democracy,  and  re- 
spectively appropriate  to  each  na- 
tion's cultural  status. 

Constitution  of  Safeguards. 

For    the   proposed    World   Federa- 


tion, a  very  generalized  and  flexible 
Constitution  should  be  formulated, 
with  appropriate  safeguards  and 
provisions  to  ensure  complete  free- 
dom of  independent  national  self- 
development. 

As  our  Government  provides  for 
not  only  fully  admitted  States  in  our 
Union  but  also  for  Territories  like 
Alaska  and  Dependencies  like  the 
Philippines,  Cuba,  and  Haiti,  so  the 
Constitution  of  the  proposed  Federa- 
tion should  provide  for  grades  of 
unification:  — Limited  Association  — 
Full  Union  (as  additional  States)  — 
Territorial  Connection  —  Dependent 
Status. 

"Salvation  of  the  World". 

The  abolition  of  War,  the  inaugu- 
ration of-  international  Law  and 
Order,  ;,nd  the  "Salvation  of  the 
World"  are  obviously  much  more  apt 
to  be  brought  into  the  domain  of 
realizable  ideals,  the  region  of  prac- 
tical workaday  possibility,  by  a 
world-extension  of  the  United  States 
Constitutional  Federation  than  by 
submerging  these  great  Sovereignties 
and  merging  their  Federated  Sov- 
ereignty in  warring  Europe's  more 
or  less  mythical,  certainly  experi- 
mental, and  probably  futile,  so-called 
League  of  Nations. 

Fernwald,  Berkeley,  California. 
November  11,  1922. 


SALVATION     OF     CIVILIZATION 

UNIVERSAL    JUSTICE 

END    OF    WAR. 


World  Federation 

By  William  Henry  Smyth 

WILSON  FLATS  U.  S.  "IRRECONCILABLES" 
WASHIXGTOX,  Xov.  11.— (By  Uiiiyersal  Service.)— Woodrow  Wilson, 
•vvar  time  president,  and  father  of  the  League  of  IN'atlons,  addressing-  5000 
or  more  of  his  folloAvers  at  his  home  today,  said: 

"I  have  been  reflecting'  today  that  Armistice  Day  has  a  particular 
significance  for  the  United  States,  because  the  United  States  has  remained 
contented  with  the  Armistice  and  has  not  moved  forward  to  peace. 

"It  is  a  very  serious  reflection  that  the  United  States,  the  great  origina- 
tive nation,  should  remain  contented  with  a  negation;  It  Is  a  standstill  of 
arms;  It  is  a  cessation  of  fighting,  and  we  are  so  bent  on  a  cessation  of 
fighting-  that  we  are  even  throwing  our  arms  away.  ..." 


WHERE  WAS  THE  LEAGUE  I 

The  Greek  Inhabitants  of  Eastern  Thrace  have  moved  out  of  the 
country  which  for  two  thousand  years  was  their  hinterland  and  from 
which  they  have  been  expatriated  by  the  Allies,  as  a  result  of  the  agree- 
ment made  between  France  and  England  and  Turkey.  The  newspapers 
g-Jve  a  sad  account  of  this  tragic  exodus.  .  .  . 

And  this  has  happened  in  four  short  years  after  the  Great  War! 

Is  there  no  lesson  in  it  for  America! 

Where  is  the  League  of  Nations?  The  nations  which  have  given 
Thrace  to  the  Turk  are  all  members  of  the  League.  Why  did  it  not 
function  to  decide  the  fate  of  Thrace?  Why  did  it  not  function  to 
prevent  the   war   between   Turkey   and    Greece! 

In  the  light  of  Asia,  can  any  one  now  say  that  America  was  not  wise 
In  refusing  to  join  In  a  scheme  so  farcical? — (Clipping,  November  11.) 


SEVEN  STATES  CONFER  UPON  RIVER  TREATY. 

SANTA  FE,  N.  M.,  Nov.  13.— (By  Associated  Press.)— Members  of  the 
Colorado  River  Commission  expect  to  write  a  compact  for  the  allotment 
of  the  waters  of  the  Colorado  river  at  the  meeting-  under  way  here,  it  was 
Indicated  today. 

The  proposed  document  is,  In  every  degree,  analogous  to  a  treaty 
between  nations.  After  it  has  been  written  the  compact  will  be  signed  by 
Herbert  Hoover,  chairman  of  the  commission,  as  rei)resentutive  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  by  each  of  the  seven  State  Commis- 
sioners on  behalf  of  the  States  within  the  river's  basin  —  Colorado, 
Wyoming,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Nevada,  Utah,  and  California. 


Pertinent  Question.  and    I'm    more   or   less   a   theorist  — 

When  I  tried  out  the  proposal  set  Vjut,  had  I  proposed  that  the  United 

forth  in  my  recent  article,  "Federa-  States  should  join  with  Great  Britain 

tlon   of   Nations",    upon    my   amiable  as  one  of  its  States,  or  as  one  of  its 

and    long-suffering   friend,    the    Pro-  Colonies,   or  as   a  Territory,   or   De- 

fessor,  he  thought  a  while,  and  then  pendency,      would      you      not      have 

remarked,   "You're   a  practical   man,  laughed  me  to  scorn?" 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


It  is  not  improbable  that  some 
such  thought  and  its  pertinent  ques- 
tion have  arisen  in  other  minds,  so 
it  will  perhaps  be  well  to  repeat 
here  the  facts  and  reasons  I  gave  to 
friend  Professor  in  answer  to  his 
implied  objection. 

White  Race  Leadership. 

There  exists  in  practically  all  of 
our  minds  the  fixed  idea,  that  the 
continuance  of  our  present  civiliza- 
tion is  dependent  upon  the  con- 
tinued leadership  of  the  White  Race. 

This  dominance  cannot  be  main- 
tained if  the  two  most  powerful 
branches  of  this  race  are  at  outs,  or 
are  antagonistic,  or  even  if  they 
have  selfishly  divergent  aims,  any 
more  than  could  the  United  States 
have  attained  to  its  present  status 
and  unified  accomplishment  had  the 
South  and  the  North  remained  at 
outs,  or  had  sought  only  inde- 
pendent self-development. 

No  one  will  question  that  the 
World's  cultural  status  and  social 
development  express  White  Race 
civilization;  also  there  will  be  little 
dissent  to  the  idea  that  the  present 
dominance  of  the  White  Race  can- 
not continue  if  the  White  nations 
waste  their  energy  and  dissipate 
their  wealth  in  inter-racial  wars. 
Hence  some  form  of  organized  co- 
operation seems  necessary  not  only 
to  maintain  authority  of  Leadership 
to  conserve  White  civilization,  but 
to  ensure  racial  preservation. 

Diplomatic  Paper-League. 

-  The  last  four  years  have  proved 
conclusively  that  a  paper  League  of 
Nations  —  a  League  based  upon  a 
conference  of  diplomats,  after  the 
manner  of  the  Peace  Conference  — 
must  necessarily  be  futile,  for  it 
lacks  that  substantive  power  which 
is  necessary  to  authority. 

Seemingly,  there  is  only  one  other 
basis  for  a  world  "League",  and  that 
is,  the  peaceable  extension  of  an 
already  existing  aggregation  adapted 


to  constitute  a  gravitational  focus  — 
a  nucleus  representative  of  the 
White  Race,  having  the  prestige  of 
accomplishment  and  possessing  the 
authority  of  inherent  power. 

World  Government. 

There  exist  several  such  aggrega- 
tions which  are  at  least  thinkable 
in  this  connection,  but,  whether 
there  is  even  one  that  is  practicable 
depends  upon  the  average  intelli- 
gence and  social  development  of  the 
various  nations  of  the  White  World, 
and  that,  is  a  very,  very  doubtful 
quantity.  These  possible  gravita- 
tional federative  aggregations  are:  — 
Continental  Europe  —  Great  Britain 
—  The  Biitish  Empire  —  The  United 
States  of  America. 

But  assuming  that  one  of  these 
could  so  function,  the  problem  of 
World  Federation  becomes  simpli- 
fied to  a  question  of  relative  appro- 
priateness. And  the  answer  to  this 
question  involves  the  history  and 
present  condition  of  Europe;  the 
history  and  present  condition  of  the 
United  States;  the  present  world- 
distribution  of  the  White  Race;  and, 
the  geogi-aphy  of  the  Eastern  and 
Western  Hemispheres. 

Europe. 

During  the  past  thousand  years, 
Europe  has  been  in  never-ceasing 
conflict  and  in  never-ending  weav- 
ing and  interweaving  of  racial  and 
political  boundaries,  a  surging  tide 
of  war,  northward  and  southward, 
eastward  and  westward. 

Europe  has  been  the  battleground 
of  national  ambitions;  thus  there 
has  been  engendered  profound  racial 
hatreds  deep  in  the  consciousness  of 
its  component  nations;  hatreds  that 
are  only  temporarily  suppressed  for 
immediate  political  ends  or  the  satis- 
faction of  greater  hatreds,  or  the  at- 
tainment of  more  ambitious  ob- 
jectives. Hence  these  discordant 
European  nations  would  not  and 
probably    could    not    federate    even 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


themselves,  much  less  offer  a  satis- 
factory gravitational  focus  of  peace- 
ful "World  Federation. 

Great  Britain. 

Considering  Great  Britain  —  as  the 
governmental  apex  of  the  British 
Empire  ■ —  in  relation  to  its  appro- 
priateness as  the  nucleus  of  a  World 
Federation:  Great  Britain  has,  at 
least  the  prestige  of  federative  ac- 
complishment; she  has  effected  a 
more  or  less  peaceful  colonial  aggre- 
gation that,  as  a  whole,  is  prac- 
tically self-sustaining.  But  looking 
into  the  almost  immediate  future, 
the  difficulties  to  its  wider  extension 
(though  of  a  different  nature)  appear 
almost  as  great  as  those  of  Conti- 
nental Europe. 

Great  Britain  ig  an  over-populated 
insular  group  incapable  of  self- 
support,  hence  dependent  upon  the 
continued  good-will  of  its  widely- 
scattered  Colonies.  And,  under  mod- 
ern conditions  of  warfare,  it  is  much 
more  than  doubtful  whether  the 
British  lules  could  withstand  a 
united  onslaught  of  its  nearest 
neighbors.  The  knowledge  of  this 
has  made  it  the  necessary,  self- 
preservation  policy  of  Great  Britain 
to  prevent  the  unification  of  Europe, 
or  the  development  of  a  single  domi- 
nating European  nation.  Hence, 
Great  Britain,  while  it  has  the  pres- 
tige of  federative  accomplishment, 
does  not  po.ssess  the  authority  of 
inherent  power,  neces.sary  to  the 
gravitational  nucleus  of  World  Fed- 
eration. 

The  British  Empire. 

With  complete  control  of  the  Sea 
—  that  is.  with  a  navy  sufficiently 
powerful  to  successfully  cope  with 
any  possible  combination  of  naval 
power.s,  and  al.so  to  protectively 
police  the  World  and  suppress  local 
outbreaks  of  aggression  —  the  Briti.sh 
Empire  might  quite  conceivably  be 
peacefully  extended  to  World  Fed- 
eration. 


But  such  police  control  has  been 
rendered  impossible  by  the  Washing- 
ton conference  for  the  limitation  of 
naval  armament,  hence  the  British 
Empire,  as  a  whole,  lacks  the  au- 
thority of  inherent  power;  and  each 
of  its  widely-scattered  Colonies  and 
Dependencies  is  individually  less 
capable  of  withstanding  the  aggres- 
sion of  its  neighbors  than  is  Great 
Britain. 

The  iTiiited  States. 

This  brings  us  to  the  United 
States  of  America,  and  in  the  light 
of  the  foregoing  it  will,  I  think,  be 
realized  that  the  hope  of  a  peaceful 
World  Association  of  Nations  de- 
pends upon  the  willingness .  of  our 
Great  Country  to  assume  the  role, 
and  upon  the  willingness  of  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  White  Nations  to 
accept,  the  United  States  as  the 
gravitational  nucleus  of  World  Fed- 
eration. 

The  United  States  does  possess 
those  necessary  qualifications  shown 
to  be  lacked  by  Continental  Europe, 
by  Great  Britain,  and  by  the  British 
Empire. 

Unlike  Contineneal  Europe,  the 
United  States  has,  during  the  past 
hundred  years,  not  only  shown  its 
capability  for  federation,  but  has,  in 
fact,  progressed  by  leaps  and  bounds 
under  federal  government  leadership. 

During  the  same  period  the  com- 
ponent nations  of  the  United  States 
have  lived  in  complete  amity  and 
peaceful  co-operation. 

I  say,  in  complete  amity,  because 
we  may  eliminate  the  Civil  War  as 
being  only  a  violent  purification  of 
the  body-politic  —  a  social  surgical 
excision  of  the  inherently  foreign 
institution  of  chattel  slavery,  an  in- 
stitution antithetical  to  the  country's 
soci;iI   life-principle. 

Unlike  the  world-scattered  British 
Empire,  the  United  States  is  uniquely 
continental  with  a  magnitude  of 
ai-ea,  of  fertility,  of  diversified  nat- 


8 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


ural  resources,  and  of  man-power 
that,  combined,  render  it  absolutely 
immune  from  successful  foreign 
aggression. 

The  United  States  is  completely 
self-sufficing  and  contains  a  White 
population  much  greater  than  the 
whole  British  Empire,  a  population 
drawn  from  the  most  energetic  and 
verile  European  national  stocks.  It 
also  has  the  prestige  of  national 
federative  accomplishment,  and  in 
addition  it  possesses  the  all-impor- 
tant inherent  power  necessary  to 
authority. 

Co-operation  or  Chaos. 

No  thoughtful  observer  of  current 
happenings  can  fail  to  be  impressed 
with  the  ominous  conditions  of 
European  affairs.  Indeed,  many  of 
the  leaders  of  thought,  over  there 
are  convinced  that  Europe  is  doomed 
to  utter  social  disintegration;  and 
that  means  literally  going  back  to 
the  most  primitive  condition  of 
things  with  the  disappearance  of  all 
forms  of  law  and  social  restraint. 

If  Europe  goes,  the  dominance  and 
leadership  of  the  White  Race  goes. 

It  is  futile  to  imagine  that  by  any 
direct  "help",  financial  or  other,  we 
can  stay  or  reverse  the  disintegra- 
tion process  that  culminated  in  the 
World  War,  for  it  is  the  natural 
result  of  a  millennium  of  social 
irrationability. 


The  only  course  of  safety  visible 
(and  that,  I  fear,  is  a  forlorn  hope), 
is  along  the  lines  herein  pointed  out: 

It  means  for  us  to  be  adamant  to 
any  and  every  suggestion  looking 
towards  entangling  our  country  in 
the  social  morass  of  Europe's  ages- 
old  national  criminality  —  its  suicidal 
national  hatreds  —  as  would  have 
been  our  fate  had  we  become  party 
to  the  League  of  Nations; 

It  means  also,  however,  that  our 
Great  Country  shall  not  stand 
aloof,  and  from  the  cowardly  van- 
tage of  relative  safety  calmly  watch 
the  downfall  of  Europe;  but,  on  the 
contrary,  that  we  shall  courageously 
and  impartially  offer  the  helping 
hand  of  friendship,  of  co-operation, 
of  federation; 

It  means  —  in  all  selfless  honesty, 
impartial  justice,  and  righteous  in- 
tent— to  invite  the  nations  to  join  with 
us,  in  conformity  with  our  standard 
of  Industrial  Democracy  and  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  cultural  status  of 
each,  in  —  World  Federation. 

Fernwald,  Berkeley,  California. 
November  18,  1922. 


NATIONAL      HONESTY  JUSTICE  RIGHTEOUS      INTENT 

CONSTITUTIONAL,     INDUSTRIAL     DEMOCRACY 
WORLD     FEDERATION 
PEACE 


United  World  Capitol 

By  William  Henry  Smyth 

THE  PAXA3IA  ZONE. 

THE  CANAL  ZONE  is  the  strip  of  land  extending  five  miles  on 
either  side  of  the  axis  of  the  Canal.  It  has  an  area  four  hundred  and 
forty  square  miles,  including-  land  and   water. 

Panama  is  a  country  of  continuous  summer.  In  the  rainy  season  the 
days  are  much  like  those  of  June  in  the  State  of  New  York.  In  the  dry 
season  they  are  much  like  those  of  early  September  in  the  same  section. 
The  dry  season  begins  about  Christmas  and  lasts  until  about  the  middle 
of  April,  corresponding  to  the  severest  part  of  winter  in  the  United  States; 
the  rest  of  the  year  is  called  the  rainy  season.  It  usually  rains  not  more 
than  one  or  two  hours  during  any  one  day,  or  roughly,  about  one- 
twentieth  of  the  time.  .  .  The  lowest  recorded  temperature  is  59  degrees 
and  the  highest  97  degrees  Fahrenheit.  The  daily  range  of  temperature 
Is  about  8  degrees  on  the  Atlantic  and  16  degrees  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

The  health  conditions  are  excellent,  and  are  maintained  by  the  constant 
effo^:ts  of  American  sanitary  forces.  .  .  The  scenery  is  varied  and  very 
attractive.  Mountains  running  up  to  3,000  feet  in  height  extend  in  broken 
ranges  all  over  the  Isthmus  and  are  covered  with  tropical  verdure.  Gatun 
Lake  (formed  by  the  Gatun  dam,  probably  the  largest  artificial  fresh- 
water lake  in  the  world,  having  an  area  of  164  square  miles)  is  rimmed 
about  by  these  mountains,  is  studded  with  beautiful  islands,  as  Is  also  the 
Bay  of  Panama  on  the  Pacific  side. 

The  Pacific  end  of  the  Canal  is  east  of  the  Atlantic,  as  the  Canal  runs 
from  northwest  to  southeast  in  crossing  the  Isthmus.  The  sun  may  be 
seen  rising  from  the  Pacific  and  setting  in  the  Atlantic. 

The  1,000-foot  dry  dock,  Avith  adjacent  repair  shops  at  Balboa,  is  an 
Important  assistance  to  shipping  throughout  the  American  tropics  as  well 
as  a  base  for  repairs  for  vessels  of  the  Navy. — (World  Almanac  and 
Encyclopedia.) 


U.  S.-PANAMA  TO  FORM  AGREEMENT. 

WASHINGTON,  Nov.  4.— (By  Public  Ledger  Co.)— Negotiations  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  i'aiiama  looking  to  the  drafting  of  a  treaty 
to  take  the  place  of  the  so-called  tentative  draft  which  the  United  States 
will  ask  Panama  to  accept.  .  . 


COMBINED  FLEETS  TO  MANEUVER  AT  PANAMA. 
LOS  ANGELES,  Nov.  22.— The  Pacific  and  Atlantic  fieets  will  sail  Feb- 
ruary 17,  I92;{,  for  fheir  winter  maneuvers  In  Panama  Bay. — (News  Item.) 


The   Past    Deciide.  fj;,(j  .^  j,pp,.  ^„,jj  ^,„  t,^.,^  l.eforo  this 

Had    a     modern     mother     Shlpton  short    period    expired,     the    greatest 

foretold  In   1912  the  marvelou.s  hap-  and   most  atrocious  war  of  all  time 

penings  of  the  past  decade  ,we  would  would   be   fought   between    the   most 

have    laughed    the    prophet    to    utter  civilized    nations    of    Europe,    helped 

scorn.  nut    by     two     millifin     fiKhtlng     men 


10 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


from  the  United  States;  had  told  us 
that  Bolshevism  (whatever  this  may 
mean)  would  rule  the  largest  part  of 
Europe,  rule  two  hundred  millions 
of  Eurasian  peoples,  and  that  the 
Empire  of  Germany  and  the  Empire 
of  Austria-Hungary  would  disappear 
from  the  map;  had  told  us  that  the 
Turk  would  be  driven  out  of  Europe, 
and  England  rule  the  land  of  the 
Crusaders;  had  told  us  that  men 
would  safely  travel  through  the  air 
at  twice  the  speed  of  the  Civil  War 
cannon-balls;  that  we  would  talk  to 
each  other  around  the  World  by 
wireless  and  listen  to  broadcasted 
woi-ld-news  while  seated  comfortably 
at  our  own  firesides:  I  say,  if  ten 
years  ago  one  should  have  seriously 
announced  these  things  would  hap- 
pen and  be  commonplaces  of  knowl- 
edge today,  the  utmost  limit  of  in- 
credulous ridicule  would  not  have 
satisfied  our  outraged  common  sense. 

New  Ideas. 

In  the  light  of  this  experience,  the 
flux  of  scientific  knowledge,  and  the 
world-wide  revolutionary  turbulence, 
it  becomes  us  to  be  very  cautious  in 
discarding  new  ideas  as  visionary 
and  "impractical";  indeed,  it  be- 
hooves us  to  be  on  the  alert  to  con- 
sider all  serious  proposals  for  the 
betterment  of  humanity,  seriously  — 
on  their  merits  —  no  matter  how  dis- 
turbing they  may  be  to  present  con- 
ventions, or  to  our  old-fashioned 
modes  of  thought. 

Calmly  looked  at  in  this  manner, 
there  is'  nothing  inherently  shock- 
ing (except  to  the  timid,  on  account 
of  its  magnitude)  in  the  proposal  of 
a  World  Federation  based  upon  a 
world  -  extension  of  the  United 
States  constitutional  ideal,  along 
the  lines  indicated  in  my  recent  ar- 
ticles. 

Let  us  consider  this  proposal,  then, 
as  being  in  the  realm  of  possibility, 
and  examine  in  more  detail  some  of 
its  obvious  aspects. 


Important   Phases. 

The  most  important  phases  of  the 
proposal  are  the  geography  of  the 
Eastern  and  Western  Hemisphere, 
the  present  and  probable  future 
distribution  of  the  White  Race,  and 
a  suitable  location  adapted  to  meet 
the  practical  requirements  of  a 
United  World  Capitol. 

While  the  first  two  factors  are 
controlling,  the  third  would  probably 
provoke  intense  national  feeling  and 
hence  be  likely  to  prove  a  difficult 
matter  to  settle — lacking  some  na- 
ture-determined place  of  unques- 
tionable suitability. 

The  Continents. 

The  land  area  of  the  Western 
Hemisphere  is  approximately  four 
times  that  of  Europe  and  about  the 
same  relation  to  Australia.  Its  re- 
lation to  Asia  is  as  six  is  to  seven, 
and  to  Africa  as  six  is  to  five.  These 
figures  show  that  the  Western  Con- 
tinent is  of  the  same  order  of  mag- 
nitude as  the  other  continental  di- 
visions of  the  world;  but  it  embraces 
a  larger  area  of  food-producing 
fertile  land  and  a  greater  variety  of 
natural  resources  useful  to  indus- 
trial humanity  than  the  other  con- 
tinental land  masses.  Furthermore, 
its  isolated  position  and  its  low  den- 
sity of  aboriginal  population  are 
added  factors  favorable  to  the  White 
Race. 

Population. 

The  population  of  the  world  is  ap- 
proximately a  billion  and  a  half,  of 
which  the  White  Race  constitute 
one-third.  Of  this  500,000,000,  about 
one-third  are  in  the  Western  Hemis- 
phere. 

And,  owing  to  its  natural  wealth, 
and  its  low  density  of  population, 
the  ratio  of  increase  must  soon  turn 
the  numerical  scales  of  White  popu- 
lation in  favor  of  this  continent. 

Another  significant  matter  is  the 
fact  that  a  past  selective  process  has 
resulted   in  the   upper   continent  be- 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


11 


ing  racially  north-European  while 
the  lower  continent  is  more  nearly 
representative  of  the  south-Euro- 
pean racial  stock,  with  a  population 
ratio  to  each  other  of  approximate- 
ly two  to  one  in  favor  of  the  north- 
ern continent.  Also,  a  glance  at 
the  map  will  show  that  the  roughly 
wedge-like  shape  of  these  conti- 
nental land  masses  and  their  rela- 
tion to  the  equator  make  it  prac- 
tically certain  that  the  United  States 
in  the  near  future  will  be  the  home 
of  a  still  larger  relative  number 
of  the  White  Race. 

The  Inevitable. 

From  these  considerations  it  seems 
clear  that  whether  or  not  a  rational 
unification  is  effected,  the  United 
States,  within  a  few  generations, 
must  attain  to  an  indisputable  dom- 
inance of  the  White  World.  It 
therefore  appears  to  be  common- 
sense  statesmanship  to  accept  the 
inevitable,  rather  than  permit  this 
world-flow  of  White  population  to 
drift  the  European  and  American 
massed  groups  into  an  inter-racial 
war  for  World  supremacy. 

"World    Capitol. 

Assuming,  then,  that  the  intelli- 
gent course  will  be  taken  and  that 
the  nations  of  Europe  and  South 
America  peacefully  accept  the  inev- 
itable and  in  some  form  confederate 
with  the  United  States,  conformably 
to  its  constitutional  ideal,  it  becomes 
a  matter  of  very  practical  im- 
portance to  determine  the  location  of 
a   United   World   Capitol. 

To  suggest  for  a  World  Capitol 
any  United  States  center  of  popula- 
tion or  of  government  would  prob- 
ably evoke  European  antagonism, 
and  reversely,  insistence  upon  this 
.Meat  of  world -guidance  being  located 
in  I'^urope  vvfjuld  most  likfly  engen- 
der on  this  side  a  similar  si)irit  of 
opposition. 

World    Center. 

It     was     earlier     noted     that    the 


southern  continent  of  the  Western 
Hemisphere  is  representative  of 
south-Europe  in  population,  while 
the  northern  is  similarly  representa- 
tive of  north-Europe. 

The  Western  Continents  are  iso- 
lated by  thousands  of  miles  of  ocean 
barrier  from  the  Occidental  mael- 
strom of  war,  and  by  more  thous- 
ands of  miles  from  the  overwhelm- 
ing human  hordes  of  the  Orient. 
Nor  is  this  all:  unlike  the  Urasian 
Continent  and  its  diverse  races,  these 
two  great  land  masses  and  diverse 
language  groups  of  white  nations 
are  virtual.  '  separated  by  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama. 

This  geographical  isolation  and 
the  midway  separation  have  great 
significance,  pointing  as  these  fac- 
tors do  (with  the  inevitableness  of 
Nature-made  conditions),  to  a  ra- 
tional solution  of  the  problem  that 
otherwise  might  prove  a  serious  ob- 
stacle to  the  friendly  selection  of  a 
location  for  a  World  Capitol. 
Panama  Zone. 
It  would  almost  seem  as  though 
the  Occult  Powers  guiding  human 
destiny  had  arranged  the  geographi- 
cal, climatic,  and  racial  factors  in 
anticipation  of  a  White  World  Fed- 
eration— had  provided  a  uniquely 
appropriate  location  for  its  Capitol. 
The  Panama  Zone  is  now  the  gate- 
way and  guardian  portals  for  the 
protection  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pa- 
cific ocean  high-ways,  the  North, 
South,  East  and  West  ocean  cross- 
roads of  the  World. 

The  I'anama  Zone  is  midway  be- 
tween two  great  white-nation  lan- 
guage groups;  and  a  five-thousand- 
mile-radius  circle  would  include 
four-fifths,  of  the  "White  World" 
and  practically  all  of  its  great  manu- 
facturing and  commercial  centers  of 
population — Ijondon,  Liverpool,  Glas- 
gow, Antwerp,  Amstordam,  Ham- 
burg, Marseilles,  Bordeaux,  Lisbon, 
C.lbraltar,  Montreal,  Halifax,  Sitka, 
Vancouver,    New    y<<vk.    S.in    Fran- 


12 


FEDERATION    OF    NATIONS 


Cisco,  and  takes  in  the  whole  of 
South  America.  And  besides  being 
midway  of  the  two  Americas,  the 
Panama  Zone  is  midway  between  the 
British  Suez  Canal  and  the  British 
Australian    Colonies. 

The  Panama  Zone,  with  its  Ocean- 
uniting  Canal,  represents  the  great- 
est physical  and  scientific  accom- 
plishment of  the  Human  Race — a 
monument  to,  and  an  inspirational 
object-lesson  for,  peaceful  co-oper- 
ative federation. 

The  Panama  Zone — with  its  "con- 
tinuous Summer,"  its  scenic  beauty, 
its  "mountains  covered  with  tropi- 
cal verdure,"  and  "great  fresh- 
water lake  rimmed  by  these  moun- 
tains and  studded  with  beautiful 
islands,"  as  the  United  World  Cap- 
itol, —  could  conceivably  be  the 
crowning  glory,  the  zenith  of  human 
effort  in  the  realm  of  the  architec- 
tural and  esthetic  arts  as  now  it  is 
the  apex  of  scientific  and  mechanis- 
tic accomplishment. 

The  Panama  Zone  is  not  only 
located  favorably  from  a  commer- 
cial viewpoint,  but,  due  to  its  pecu- 
liar isolation,  its  3'eographic  and 
strategic  factors  —  as  the  District  of 
the  World  Capitol  —  it  would  be  im- 
pregnable. 

Naval  Limitation. 

Much  fervently  hopeful  expecta- 
tion of  world  peace  was  raised  by 
the  Washington  conference  for  the 
limitation  of  naval  armament  — 
•  only  to  be  extinguished  by  the  wet 
blanket  of  subsequent  world-hap- 
penings. Here,  however,  is  a  pro- 
posal that  carries  the  limitation  idea 
of  naval  and  military  armament  lim- 
itation to  its  ultimate  logical  end, 
and  this  too  without  recourse  to 
limitation  provisions. 

Under  the  Federation  idea  out- 
lined,  each   component  Nation  would 


furnish  its  proportionate  quota  of 
naval  armament  to  the  World  Police 
Navy  —  with  headquarters  in  the 
Carribcan   Sea. 

This  Police  Navy  (though  at  a 
minimum  cost  to  the  component  na- 
tions), would  be  far  in  excess  of  the 
fighting  strength  of  any  national 
navy.  Indeed,  so  preponderating  as 
to  make  a  national  navy  obviously 
futile,  and  large  military  forces, 
worse  than  useless  —  a  hungry  na- 
tional menace. 

Thus,  as  time  went  by,  the  size 
of  the  Police  Navy  would  naturally 
tend  to  an  irreducible  minimum  so 
small  as  to  be  supportable  at  a  quite 
negligible  cost  to  the  component  na- 
tions of  the  World  Federation. 

"Peace   on   Earth." 

Visionary? 

Yes!    truly,  but  "impractical."    No. 

It  is  on  the  contrary  the  acme 
of  cpmmonsense;  it  is  the  present 
crazy  order  of  things,  with  nations 
fighting  against  nations  to  no  end 
but  universal  bankruptcy  and  social 
chaos,  that  it  is  which  is  truly  im- 
practical. 

A  Federation  of  free  nations 
united  by  the  practical  idealism  of 
the  American  Constitution,  the  An- 
glo-Saxon ideal  of  fair  play,  the 
prestige  and  authority  of  the  White 
World  —  that,  surely  is  a  more 
practical  bid  for  peace  on  earth,  than 
any  "diplomacy"  concocted  League 
of  Nations. 

Visionary? 

Yes!    truly     .     .     . 

Still    ...  I  wonder    .    .    . 

Fernwald,   Berkeley,   California. 
November  25,  1922. 


SHOULD  THE  DESTINY  OF  THE  WHITE  RACE 
BE  LEFT  TO  CHANCE? 


217979 


IT  WILL  WORTHY  OF  A 
FREE,  ENLIGHTENED,  AND  AT 
NO  DISTANT  PERIOD,  A  GREAT 
NATION,  TO  GIVE  TO  MAN- 
KIND A  MAGNANIMUS  AND  TOO 
NOVEL  EXAMPLE  OF  A  PEOPLE 
ALWAYS  GUIDED  BY  AN 
EXALTED  JUSTICE  AND 
BENEVOLENCE. 

(Washington) 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  AT  LOS  ANGELES 

THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 


AN  AIMLESS  MAN  AND  A 
PURPOSELESS  NATION  ARE 
EQUALLY  FUTILE  FRAGMENTS 
OF  RAW  MATERIAL  IN  THE 
EVER  GRINDING  MILL  OF 
NATURAL  EVOLUTIONARY  AND 
DEVOLUTION  ARY  PROCESSES: 
LACKING  NATIONAL  PURPOSE 
WHAT    GOAL    HAS    PATRIOTISM 


UNIVERSITY  of  CAtlFORNI. 

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